Thank you! Anubis, Thoth, and Osiris brought them to judgment and rewarded or punished them. (David, 132). The Negative Confessions are a list of 42 sins against one's self, others, or the gods which one could honestly say one had never engaged in. One's best friend, husband, wife, mother, father, son, daughter, cherished cat or most dearly loved dog were there upon one's arrival or, at least, would be eventually; and there the souls of the dead would live forever in paradise and never have to part again. Sennedjem in the AfterlifeJeff Dahl (Public Domain). Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Food was unlimited, and menial funeral statues could gather it for you. At its most sophisticated (during the New Kingdom), the corpse of the newly deceased would be brought to the embalmers, who would prepare the body for burial. Mummies, curses, mystical gods and rites have been a staple of popular depictions of Egyptian culture in books as well as film for almost 200 years now all promoting the seemingly self-evident 'fact' that the ancient Egyptians were obsessed with death. The Confessions would include statements such as: "I have not stolen, I have not stolen the property of a god, I have not said lies, I have not caused anyone to weep, I have not gossiped, I have not made anyone hungry" and many others. In the first reality, Grant identifies the woman as goddess Taweret, who explains they are dead and the "psychiatric hospital" is a boat sailing through the Duat, the Egyptian afterlife. The eternal aspect of the Field of Reeds was not uniform in every era, however. If you desire your conduct to be good, to set yourself free from all evil, then beware of covetousness which is an incurable disease. Sometimes called the `Field of Reeds', it was envisaged as a `mirror image' of the cultivated area in Egypt where rich and poor alike were provided with plots of land on which they were expected to grow crops. The Egyptian afterlife was known as the Field of Reeds and was a mirror-image of life on earth down to one's favorite tree and stream and dog. The Egyptian Afterlife. The Forty-Two Judges were divine entities associated with the afterlife in ancient Egypt and, specifically, the judgment of the soul in the Hall of Truth. While waiting, one would be attended to by goddesses such as Qebhet, daughter of Anubis, the personification of cool, refreshing water. Hail, Uatch-rekhit, who comest forth from Sau, I have not cursed God. Hail, Kenemti, who comest forth from Kenmet, I have not blasphemed. On the floor, below the Scales of Justice, would be the monster Ammut (part lion, part hippopotamus, part crocodile) waiting to eat the heart of the unjust who were judged unworthy of paradise. Of these, there were nine great judges: Of the other judges, they were depicted as awe-inspiring and terrible beings bearing names such as Crusher of Bones, Eater of Entrails, Double Lion, Stinking Face and Eater of Shades, among others (Bunson, 93). Hail, Qerrti, who comest forth from Amentet, I have not committed adultery. The ancient Egyptians recognized that when the soul first awoke in the afterlife it would be disoriented and might not remember its life on earth, its death, or what it was to do next. (2012, January 18). Steven Grant (and Marc Spector) do indeed die and get to the ancient Egyptian afterlife/underworld (the Duat) in ep. Here was work but no toil and love without the threat of loss. Sennedjem in the Afterlife. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. When one's turn came, the soul would enter the Hall of Truth and address the Forty-Two Judges by their secret name (their ren) and then recite the Negative Confession (also known as The Declaration of Innocence), a list of forty-two sins one had not committed. There was no single set list of Negative Confessions, however, just as there was no set list of "sins" which would apply to everyone. This story comes from a manuscript from the 20th Dynasty (1090-1077 BCE) known as The Contendings of Horus and Set, but this is only the most complete version of a much older tale and the cult of Osiris (which would eventually become the cult of Isis) was already popular by the Middle Kingdom. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Steven gets stuck in the sands of the Duat and was unable to enter ("rejected from") the Field of Reeds (ep. Before you died you had to prepare. Death was only a transition, not a completion, and opened the way to the possibility of eternal happiness. 14. British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 15 (2010): 189-200. Bibliography We want people all over the world to learn about history. The Lay of the Harper is so called because the inscriptions always include an image of a harpist. 37. 01 May 2023. Scholar Geraldine Pinch describes the temporal view of paradise engendered by this cynicism: The soul might experience life in the Field of Reeds, a paradise similar to Egypt, but this was not a permanent state. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. 5). World History Encyclopedia. They are particularly prominent, however, in the period of the Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 BCE) expressed in texts known as The Lay of the Harper (or Songs of the Harper) and Dispute Between a Man and His Ba (soul). This film's immense box-office success guaranteed sequels which were produced throughout the 1940's (The Mummy's Hand, The Mummy's Tomb, The Mummy's Ghost, and The Mummy's Curse, 1940-1944) spoofed in the 1950's (Abbot and Costello Meet the Mummy, 1955), continued in the 1960's (The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb in `64 and The Mummy's Shroud in `67), and on to the 1971 Blood From the Mummy's Tomb. The central cultural value of the Egyptians was ma'at (harmony, balance), which was personified in the figure of the goddess of justice and harmony, Ma'at, depicted as a woman with a white ostrich feather (the feather of truth) above her head. Egypt became associated with death in the popular imagination and later films such as The Mummy (1932) capitalized on this interest. Annually, melting snow cascading from the mountains in the highlands of the south triggers the Nile River to flood on its journey northbound toward Egypt. The first was on Earth and the second was in the afterlife, which they called the Field of Reeds. One aspect, the ba, would supposedly take the form of a large bird with the deceased's head or face instead of a normal bird's head. For the greater part of Egypt's history, however, some version of the paradise of the Field of Reeds, reached after a judgment by a powerful god, prevailed. If the soul's heart was lighter than the feather then the gods conferred with the Forty-Two Judges and, if they agreed that the soul was justified, the person could pass on toward the bliss of the Field of Reeds. Web. Bunson's note on how the view of the afterlife changed according to time and belief is reflected in some visions of the afterlife which deny its permanence and beauty. This afterlife, known as The Field of Reeds (or Aaru in ancient Egyptian), was a perfect reflection of one's life on earth. Having recited the confession, one presented one's heart to be weighed on the golden scales against the white feather of Ma'at. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. It has been described as the ka (a part of the soul) of the Nile Delta. (Hymn 370). In ancient Egypt a tomb, if built and designed properly, had the power to restore life and give . An Egyptian tomb inscription from 1400 BCE, regarding one's afterlife, reads, May I walk every day unceasing on the banks of my water, may my soul rest on the branches of the trees which I have planted, may I refresh myself in the shadow of my sycamore. Some of the texts which comprise The Lay of the Harper affirm life after death clearly while others question it and some deny it completely. Field of Reeds. Death was not the end of life but a transition to another part of one's eternal journey. Ancient Egyptians believed that people's lives had two parts. Egyptian Afterlife The afterlife is something I've mentioned several times, describing the journey the deceased would take through the underworld. This view was not the dominant one, however. Prior to Osiris dismemberment, but after his death, Isis had lain with her husband and conceived Horus the Younger. One example from c. 2000 BCE from the stele of Intef reads, in part, "hearts at rest/Hear not the cry of mourners at the tomb/Which have no meaning to the silent dead." World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. After Ra had separated Nut, goddess of the sky, from her husband-brother Geb, god of the earth, he set Osiris and Isis to rule over Egypt. The Field of Reeds (sometimes called The Field of Offerings), known to the Egyptians as A'aru, was a mirror image of one's life on earth. The Egyptian afterlife was a mirror-image of life on earth. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. Thank you! Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt. This resulted in "the Great Death" which was non-existence. The after-life of the ancient Egyptians was known as the Field of Reeds, a land just like what one knew, save that there was no sickness, no disappointment and, of course, no death. We care about our planet! When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. The location of this kingdom was fixed either below the western horizon or on a group of islands in the west. 12. Mark, J. J. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Mary Harrsch (Photographed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art) (CC BY-NC-SA). Since life in ancient Egypt was so highly valued it only makes sense that they would have imagined an afterlife which mirrored it closely. (cited in Nardo, 9). One lived eternally by the streams and beneath the trees which one had loved so well in one's life on earth. Non-existence, rather than an after-world of torment, was the greatest fear of the ancient Egyptian. The 'Lady of the Air' referenced is most likely Ma'at but could be Hathor: I acquire this field of yours which you love, O Lady of the Air. The Egyptian afterlife was a mirror-image of life on earth. The Egyptians, pragmatic and determined to have all things explained in concrete terms, believed that they would dwell in paradise in areas graced by lakes and gardens. Hail, Neheb-ka, who comest forth from thy cavern, I have not acted with arrogance. World History Encyclopedia, 30 Mar 2018. Mark, Joshua J.. "Egyptian Afterlife - The Field of Reeds." These confessions sometimes began with the prayer, "I have not learnt the things which are not" meaning that the soul strove in life to devote itself to matters of lasting importance rather than the trivial matters of everyday life. The underworld and the afterlife in ancient Egypt. 35. Sekhet-Aaru, the "Field of Reeds", was the final destination for all souls who had been granted rebirth. Help us and translate this definition into another language! 10. Hail, Am-khaibit, who comest forth from Qernet, I have not slain men and women. Books There they would eat the "cakes of Osiris" and float on the Lake of Flowers. Help us and translate this article into another language! World History Encyclopedia. Sennedjem, Iyneferti & The Lady of the Sycamore. Although Osiris was the principal judge of the dead, the Forty-Two Judges sat in council with him to determine the worthiness of the soul to enjoy continued existence. Once the body was prepared and properly entombed, the soul's journey began through the afterlife. Just as Horus had defeated Set to establish the ordered world the soul had left, the justified soul defeated death and found perpetual paradise in the afterlife. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Drunkenness was not considered a sin as long as one consumed alcohol at an appropriate time for an appropriate reason. There was no one set verse known as the Negative Confession each verse, included in funerary texts, was tailored to the individual. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Related Content Scholar Rosalie David describes this afterlife realm: The underworld kingdom of Osiris was believed to be a place of lush vegetation, with eternal springtime, unfailing harvests, and no pain or suffering. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Egyptian AfterlifeUnknown Artist (CC BY-NC-SA). World History Encyclopedia. Only the travails and petty annoyances that bothered them in their lifetimes would be missing in the afterlife; all else, they hoped, would be as it was on earth. Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike, Ra - the supreme sun god in his other form of Atum. 40. It took more than dying to enter the Land of Two Fields. Mark, published on 30 March 2018. Hail, An-af, who comest forth from Maati, I have not snatched away the bread of the child, nor treated with contempt the god of my city. Egyptian Mummy in WrappingsJohn Tuttle (CC BY-NC-SA). Ma'at Figurine, LouvreJacques Pasqueille (CC BY-NC-ND). The sun god Ra (in his form as Atum) had created the world with the help of the god of magic, Heka, and (in some versions of the story), the god of wisdom Thoth. Hail, Sekhriu, who comest forth from Uten, I have not pried into other's matters. According to scholar Salima Ikram: As with the earlier funerary texts, the Book of the Dead served to provision, protect and guide the deceased to the Afterworld, which was largely located in the Field of Reeds, an idealized Egypt. This chapter, accompanied by a vignette, shows the deceased before Osiris and forty-two judges, each representing a different aspect of ma'at. Hail, Set-qesu, who comest forth from Hensu, I have not carried away food. The Negative Confession was written for each specific individual. One's home would be there, right down to the lawn the way it had been left, one's favorite tree, even the stream that ran behind the house. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Hail, Neb-heru, who comest forth from Netchfet, I have not acted with undue haste. The Egyptian work Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor cannot be compared with Homer's works as the characters have nothing in common and the themes are completely different. Hail, Utu-nesert, who comest forth from Het-ka-Ptah, I have not uttered curses. Mark, J. J. Hail, Ta-retiu, who comest forth from the night, I have not attacked any man. (Parkinson, 128). If the soul passed through the Weighing of the Heart it moved on to a path which led to Lily Lake (also known as the Lake of Flowers). Scholar Rosalie David describes the land which awaited the Egyptians after death: Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! To reach the eternal paradise of the Field of Reeds, however, one had to pass through the trial by Osiris, Lord of the Underworld and just Judge of the Dead, in the Hall of Truth (also known as The Hall of Two Truths), and this trial involved the weighing of one's heart against the feather of truth. This awareness of the divine infusing daily life became central to the concept of the afterlife. Actually, however, the Egyptians loved life and their seeming preoccupation with death and the afterlife was simply an expression of this. Once Amenti devoured the person's heart, the individual soul then ceased to exist. In some versions, the soul still has to dodge various traps and pitfalls. A military commander would have a different list of sins than, say, a judge or a baker. Bibliography There was no 'hell' in the Egyptian afterlife; non-existence was a far worse fate than any kind eternal damnation. They would have houses and families, and they would even be able to enjoy their favourite things from life on Earth such as pets and food. Such festivals renewed the awareness of the divine and symbolized the powers of renewal and the sense of the other in human affairs. The body needed to be preserved because it was thought the soul would require it for sustenance in the afterlife. All an ancient Egyptian needed to do to attain this eternal happiness was to arrive in the Hall of Truth with a heart lighter than a feather after having lived a life worthy of approval by Osiris and the Forty-Two Judges. We want people all over the world to learn about history. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. (43). supporting the egyptian afterlife from the world of the living Still all was not done yet. Hathor was always close at hand as The Lady of the Sycamore, a tree goddess, who provided shade and comfort but was at the same time presiding over the heavenly Nile River, the Milky Way as a cosmic force and, as Lady of the Necropolis, opened the door for the departed soul to the afterlife. Images depict a queue of souls standing in the hall and one would join this line to await judgment. The soul was expected to be able to recite the Negative Confession (also known as the Declaration of Innocence) in defense of one's life in order to be considered worthy to pass on to The Field of Reeds. Egyptian Afterlife - The Field of Reeds. There is no evidence that the ancient Egyptians longed for death or looked forward to dying in any way in fact, precisely the opposite is abundantly clear and their elaborate funerary rituals and grand tombs stocked with grave goods were not a celebration of death but a vital aspect of the continuation of life on another, eternal, plane of existence. 41. As the soul waited, it would be comforted by various deities including Qebhet, Anubis' daughter, who brought the souls cool water to drink. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. 9. depicting the deceased and his wife Iyneferti blissfully harvesting their fields in the afterlife. World History Encyclopedia. (227). Related Content While the dead had to face a final judgment, the worthy would find the Field of Reeds, a place for eternal life and rest. If one's heart was heavier than the feather, it was dropped to the floor and devoured by Ammut; if the heart was lighter, and after Osiris conferred with the Forty-Two Judges and Thoth, one was justified and could move on toward the Field of Reeds. A'Aru (The Field of Reeds) was the Egyptian afterlife, an idealized vision of one's life on earth (also known as Sekhet-A'Aru and translated as The Field of Rushes). Although ancient Egypt is often characterized as death-obsessed, the opposite is actually true: they were so aware of the beauty and goodness of life, they never wanted it to end and so envisioned an eternal realm which was a mirror-image of the life they knew and loved. Osiris was one of the first five gods created at the beginning of the world. Even the evil dead, the Enemies of Ra, continuously came back to life like Apophis so that they could be tortured and killed again. Each confession is addressed to a different god and each god corresponded to a different nome (district) of Egypt: 1. The Garden of A'aru was one such oasis of eternal bliss. Once the Negative Confession had been made by the soul of the deceased and the heart had been weighed in the balance, the Forty-Two Judges met in conference with Osiris, presided over by the god of wisdom, Thoth, to render final judgement. The most common version has the soul leave the Hall of Truth and walk to Lily Lake, where it encounters the entity known as Hraf-haf (He Who Looks Behind Him), an obnoxious and surly ferryman. Egyptian Child's CoffinOsama Shukir Muhammed Amin (Copyright). Discover more. Taweret weighs their hearts on the Scales of Justice in order to determine if they can enter the Field of Reeds , but discovers their hearts are imbalanced by . Scholar Clare Gibson writes: The Field of Reeds was an almost unimaginably ideal version of Egypt where cultivated crops grew to extraordinary heights, trees bore succulent fruit, and where transfigured souls (who all appeared physically perfect and in the prime of life) wanted for nothing in the way of sustenance, luxuries, and even love. The land was democratically divided into equal plots that the rich and poor alike were expected to cultivate. If their heart was "light as a feather," the blessed dead were permitted to enter the idealized afterlife known as the Field of Reeds. The Forty-Two Judges were the divine beings of the Egyptian after-life who presided over the Hall of Truth where the great god Osiris judged the dead. Once the body was prepared for burial, mourners would follow it to the tomb. . Unrealistic passion had a popular theme forward poem, especially in the New KingdomNew Kingdom Due . Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Similar to the Greek Elysian Fields, the ancient Egyptian afterlife was called the Field of Reeds. They are a collection of songs which reflect on death and the meaning of life. Egyptian AfterlifeUnknown Artist (CC BY-NC-SA). Since the gods had given the Egyptians all good gifts, the people were expected to be grateful and show their thanks not only through worship and sacrifice but in their daily lives. Being shot by Arthur Harrow, Marc Spector found himself in Duat, where he and Steven Grant were judged by Taweret with the Scales of Justice. Cite This Work Should the heart prove heavier, however, it was thrown to the floor of the Hall of Truth where it was devoured by Amenti (also known as Amut), a god with the face of a crocodile, the front of a leopard and the back of a rhinoceros, known as "the gobbler". We care about our planet! The supplicant asks that a "vizier fair of speech" be released in her so she may eloquently defend her actions in life upon arriving before Osiris in the Hall of Truth. People already believed in the immortality of the soul and the survival of bodily death in the Predynastic Period in Egypt (c. 6000 - c. 3150 BCE) as evidenced by grave goods included in burials. To the Egyptians, their country was the most blessed and perfect world. Related Content Sarcophagus of Kha (Detail)Mark Cartwright (CC BY-NC-SA). The most famous of these is the Papyrus of Ani, a text of The Egyptian Book of the Dead, composed c. 1250 BCE. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. To the Egyptians, their country was the most blessed and perfect world. Hail, Nefer-Tem, who comest forth from Het-ka-Ptah, I have wronged none, I have done no evil. Hail, Shet-kheru, who comest forth from Urit, I have not been angry. 19. A freelance writer and former part-time Professor of Philosophy at Marist College, New York, Joshua J. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. The first film sensationalizing mummies, Cleopatra's Tomb, was produced in 1899 by George Melies. Here one could enjoy an eternity of the life one had left behind on earth in the presence of one's favorite people, animals, and most loved possessions; and all of this in the immediate presence of the gods. The Field Of Reeds and Egyptian Love of Life. In claiming purity of the soul, one was asserting that one's heart was not weighed down with sin. The Forty-Two Judges were not all horrifying and terrible of aspect, however, but would appear to be so to that soul who faced condemnation rather than reward for a life well-lived. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Last modified March 30, 2018. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Hail, Hetch-abhu, who comest forth from Ta-she, I have not slain the cattle belonging to the god. World History Encyclopedia. Egypt has been synonymous with tombs and mummies since the late 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries CE when western explorers, archaeologists, entrepreneurs, showmen, and con men began investigating and exploiting the culture. Unknown Artist (CC BY-NC-SA) A'Aru (The Field of Reeds) was the Egyptian afterlife, an idealized vision of one's life on earth (also known as Sekhet-A'Aru and translated as The Field of Rushes). The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Hail, Maa-antuf, who comest forth from Per-Menu, I have not polluted myself. Hail, Tcheser-tep, who comest forth from the shrine, I have not carried away the khenfu cakes from the spirits of the dead. Spell 110 of the Book of the Dead talks about the deceased "ploughing therein, reaping and eating therein, drinking therein, copulating therein, and doing everything that was once done on earth by the reader". Ancient depiction of the Field of Reeds. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. The Egyptian Book of the Dead provides the most comprehensive picture of the Forty-Two Judges as well as spells and the incantation of the Negative Confession. Please support World History Encyclopedia. In the end, Bey's plans to murder, mummify, and then resurrect Helen as her past-life incarnation of the Egyptian princess are thwarted and Bey is reduced to dust. The famous title was given the work by western scholars; the actual title would translate as The Book of Coming Forth by Day or Spells for Going Forth by Day. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. The soul would leave the hall of judgment, be rowed across Lily Lake, and enter the eternal paradise of the Field of Reeds in which one received back everything taken by death. Initially, it seems the justified dead those who had lived virtuous lives were thought to live on in their tombs. (160). The aim of every ancient Egyptian was to make that life worth living eternally and, as far as the records indicate, they did their very best at that. Hail, Arfi-em-khet, who comest forth from Suat, I have not stolen the property of God. I have not stolen the property of a god. License. In the afterlife it was thought one could call on these shabtis to do one's work while one relaxed and enjoyed one's self. 33. Submitted by Joshua J. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. 24. A part of the ritual was to name each judge correctly and give a negative confession. Even the evil dead, the Enemies of Ra, continuously came back to life like Apophis so that they could be tortured and killed again. The earliest of these were the Pyramid Texts (c. 2400-2300 BCE) which then evolved into the Coffin Texts (c. 2134-2040 BCE) and were fully developed as The Egyptian Book of the Dead (c. 1550-1070 BCE) during the period of the New Kingdom (c.1570-c.1069 BCE). Death was not the end of life but a transition to another part of one's eternal journey. (2018, March 30). Web. They represented the forty-two provinces of Upper and Lower Egypt and each judge was responsible for considering a particular aspect of the deceased's conscience. Indeed, the perfect afterlife was merely an ideal version of their earthly existence. These interpretations do not belong to any one particular period but seem to crop up periodically throughout Egypt's later history. The popular image of the Egyptians as death obsessed could not be more wrong; if anything, the ancient Egyptians were obsessed with life and living it abundantly. overall condition appearance of the book is like new ancient egypt the afterlife the quest for immortality by miranda harrison copyright 2002 isbn 185759293x no index. Even into the 20th century, when scholars had a better understanding of Egyptian culture, the noted historian Edith Hamilton, generally quite reliable, wrote in 1930: Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! 5. 22. The Forty-Two Judges. The Field of Reeds is an idealised version of the Ancient Egyptian landscape, where the deceased were to lead an idealised life. Hello John! (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) . Help us and translate this article into another language! When death came, it was only a transition to another realm where, if one were justified by the gods, one would live eternally in a paradise known as The Field of Reeds. It is a popular misconception that the ancient Egyptians were obsessed with death when, in reality, they were in love with life and so, naturally, wished it to continue on after bodily death. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Your tomb and spells should be ready, and the . In order to help the soul continue on its journey, artists and scribes would create paintings and text related to one's life on the walls of one's tomb (now known as the Pyramid Texts) which then developed into the Coffin Texts and the famous Egyptian Book of the Dead. 4. Gods Associated with the Egyptian Afterlife. 3abn danny shelton and yvonne lewis married, javasharedresources in home directory, ross stockroom associate job description,
Rpcclient Enumeration Oscp, John Macarthur's Sermon On Genesis 2, 1979 Puerto Rico Basketball Team Roster, 72 Inch Wide Pantry Cabinet, When Will Manhattan Be Underwater, Articles F